Willamette Valley Ecoregion Land Use and Land Cover ca. 2000
    Institute for a Sustainable Environment, University of Oregon
    Bioresources Engineering, Oregon State University
    Doug Oetter, Georgia College & State University
    Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University

    This document describes how the grid depicting Willamette Valley ecoregion LAND USE and LAND COVER circa 2000 named LULC2K was composed.  The procedure described here mirrors that used in constructing a circa 1990 grid depicting the same themes within the WRB available from the Pacific Northwest Ecosystem Research Consortium (ERC) web site. Using similar procedures and data sources, this LULC2K grid is an update of EC90, the circa 1990 grid map. LULC2K is a map of the Willamette Valley ecoregion, whereas EC90 is a map of the Basin.

    Separate grid layers were developed first, then merged in a specific order to produce the final grid.  Viewed as a vertical stack, the order of assembly is displayed in the table below: themes mentioned earlier retain their values, superceeding spatially coincident values of later, lower priority themes. 

    Each of the thematic grid layers are spatially aligned to the Basin DEM. The background and undefined cells are set to NODATA.  The composite grid is similarly aligned to the Basin Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and is clipped to that portion of the Valley ecoregion that lies within the Basin. Its values correspond to the ERC LULC legend comparison.

    UGB = Urban Growth Boundary; USGS = United States Geological Survey; FSL = USFS Forest Sciences Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; TM = Landsat Thematic Mapper;  METRO = Portland  Metropolitan area: RLIS = METRO Regional Land Information System; ODOT = Oregon Department of Transportation; DO = Doug Oetter; GCSU = Georgia College & State University; DOQ = USGS Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle aerial photographs. "LULC2K" refers to the the final ca. 2000 grid map for which this is document comprises supporting information; "lulc2kv2" refers to the classified TM imagery, a principal input to LULC2K.
     

    LULC2K

    CATEGORY
    and Source
    Legend Value
    Source and Commentary
    Geo-dataset name
    Construction Script name
    Major Roads 

    Source:  dot97c

    ODOT

    19-21 [dot97c, igds-level 50 => legend 19, igds-level 51 => 20, igds-levels 52, 53 => 21] 

    Copied from EC90, augmented by TeleAtlas for class 21.

    Level 50 roads are 3 cells wide; level 51 are 2 cells wide; levels 52-53 are 1 cell wide.

    (Level 50 represents interstate highways; 51 represents principal arterials; 52, minor arterials; 53, major urban collectors)

    ec90 assmbl_4.aml
    Minor local roads
    within UGBs in counties other than Yamhill and Columbia

    Source: Taxassessor-collector parcel data

    21 [tax assessor-collector parcel data] 

    Copied from EC90, augmented by TeleAtlas.

    Roads are described as spaces between taxlot polygons within the tax-assessor-collector data sets ca. 1995; these polygons are gridded with the number of cells representing the roads dependent on the polygonal description.  This description is not available for cities in Yamhill and Columbia Counties because of the absence of digital tax-parcel data. Cells initially designated as class 7 - TM based commercial-industrial coincident with one cell gridded TeleAtlas roads were reclassed to 21 Minor roads.

    ec90 assmbl_4.aml
    Minor local roads within all UGBs intersecting Yamhill and Columbia Cos. 

    Source: dot97c

    21 [dot97c igds-level 12 (local roads) clipped to UGBs] 

    Copied from EC90, augmented by TeleAtlas.

    Features in this layer are 1 cell wide. In the absence of taxlot data for Yamhill and Columbia counties, an alternate means is needed to represent the local roads within their UGBs. Comparison of dot97c igds-level 12 with the Eugene-Springfield taxlot data shows a good alignment with the taxlot right-of-ways that are roads. Thus, by using these ODOT data, we are confident that the treatment of roads in Yamhill and Columbia Co. UGBs will be consistent with those UGBs for which we do have taxlots and from which we obtain roads directly. Cells initially designated as class 7 - TM based commercial-industrial coincident with one cell gridded TeleAtlas roads were reclassed to 21 Minor roads.

    ec90 assmbl_4.aml
    Railroads

    Source: dot97c

    18 [dot97c, igds-level 18 (railroads)] 

    Copied from EC90.

    This is gridded 1 cell wide.  When railroads and roads run side-by-side, and in close proximity, the gridded representations often overlay.  The railroad layer was selected to lie "beneath" the roads grids so that the roads representation would be continuous.  This means that the gridded railroad lines may disappear beneath the gridded roads in places.

    ec90 assmbl_4.aml

    Channel, non-vegetated:
    inside mainstem of Willamette River

    Source:
    TM landcover data/DO and Willamette River active channel 2000

    29 [TM 26-28 (high, moderate, low density built) inside the ac2kv2x feature boundaries (see water below); TM classification by Doug Oetter, GCSU]. 

    This was extracted from the TM imagery so that features defined as "built" within the Willamette River would correctly be represented as defined by OSU coverage ac2kv3).    It is assumed that most of the occurrences in this category are gravel or channel bars, with some revetments, river-side roads, and, in the METRO area, bridges and piers.

    lulc2kv3, ac2kv3 assmbl_4.aml
    Water

    Source:
    Willamette River active channel 2000;

    2000 TM interpretaion;

    Stream orders 5-7 from rivreach_2

    33 [ac2kv3 +TM landcover water +Order 5- 7 streams]

    The representation of water is constructed from three components, which, in decreasing spatial precedence are: 1) For the Willamette River mainstem and major tributary confluence zones, the ac2kv3 polygon coverage was used to ensure that the channels would be delineated adequately; 2) water identified in the 2000 TM imagery; 3) vector Strahler stream orders 5-7 gridded from rivreach_2 at one cell width.

    luac2kv3, lc2kv2, rivreach_2 assmbl_4.aml
    Rural structures -
    outside ugbs

    Source for EC90: full pixel search

    Source for LULC2K: USGS Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle aerial phtographs (http://terraserver.microsoft.com/)

    16 This element combines rural structures from the EC90 map, derived as described immediately below, with new rural structures added since 1990, derived as described thereafter. Whereas the EC90 process allowed more than one structure to appear in a single taxlot, the LULC2K proccess added no more than one to each previously unoccupied parcel.

    For EC90: [extracted from digital images of USGS 7.5 min. quadrangle maps]

    These structures represent rural dwellings and other rural structures, derived from digital scanned images of USGS 7.5 min. quadrangle maps by automated processes and manually revised.

    Note that some of the structures found via feature extraction from images fall beneath the roads, railroads and water features defined by the layers described above.  This occurs as the assembly process implements the precedence of themes rules. 

    For LULC2K: [extracted from ca. 2000 USGS DOQs]

    Structures were identified by brightness differences in the DOQ images lying in taxlot parcels which did not contain a structure in the EC90 map, and do have a ca. 2000 real market improvement value >= $15,000.

    EC90: rs16

    LULC2K: intermediate grids were produced for each DOQ.

    rspnts.aml, rsipt2a,b.aml, rur_stct.aml
    Turf grass - 
    inside ugbs

    Source:
    TM landcover data/DO

    91 [turf grass but primarily golf courses, from TM land cover category 91.]

    This was separately extracted from the landcover so that it would overlay the urban landuse data obtained from ca. 2000 taxlot information (see below).

    lulc2kv2 assmbl_4.aml
    Civic and open space

    Source: taxlots

    11, >= 29 [Data from taxlots, METRO/RLIS parks; landcover from TM data]

    This grid contains the landcover for all parcels defined as civic and open space within the WRB, areas that are off-limits to urban and rural development. 

    These data include the following categories: public schools, buildings, colleges/universities, Federal, state, county and local parks, wildlife refuges, reservations, public and private cemeteries, Nature Conservancy reserves.   Within UGBs, the "built"TM classes are mapped as "urban built unknown" (legend 11); outside the UGBs, the "built" categories are mapped as "rural built unknown" (legend 24) unless they lie within the Willamette River active channel; the rest of the landcover within the civic/os area remains as defined by the amalgamation of the other landcover data (as layered below).

    This layer will have areas that coincide with taxlot defined areas (see "urban land use" below): this grid overrides those definitions. For example, in the taxlot definition, schools are defined as commercial; if these are public schools, civic/os redefines them to whatever the amalgamated landcover depicts. Thus, a school with a building and areas of playing fields will appear partly as "urban non-vegetated unknown" (11) and partly grass or forest etc. 

    taxlot coverages for individual counties assmbl_4.aml
    Urban landuse
    inside UGBs

    Source:
    Taxlot coverages, and household density derived from the 2000 Federal Census.

    1- 4, 6, 8, 10 [from taxlots and census data, with vacant landuse set to nodata; low density 0-4 du/ac = 1, medium low density 4-9 du/ac = 2, med high 9-16 du/ac = 3, high >16 du/acre = 4; 6=commercial, 8=industrial]

    For all counties except Columbia, the property class category of the tax assessor parcel data was remapped into residential, commercial, industrial and vacant. The residential parcels were then compared with the US census household density description to convert them to the appropriate hh density. Vacant lands were set to "nodata" so that the underlying landuses would "show through". Also, where parcels have undefined or ambiguous land uses or for land where no parcels are defined, the underlying landuses "show through".

    assmbl_4.aml
    Remapped built TM data

    Source:
    TM landcover data/DO and  household density  derived from U.S. census

    1-4, 7, 11, 24 [landuse derived from remapping TM landcover categories 26-28 inside UGBs and outside UGBs; census data].

    Inside UGBs: built high density landcover was remapped to commercial/industrial = 7; built low and med densities were remapped to Urban non-vegetated unknown (11), except in Columbia County wherein they are remapped to residential. This remapping is also used to represent the landcover built categories that fall within undefined or ambiguous parcels in UGBs with taxlot data (as described above).

    Outside UGBs: "built" landcover is mapped as "rural non-vegetated unknown" (24). The landcover built density categories may include fallow land, rock, bare ground, gravel pits, gravel bars, roofs, roads, etc. Here, it is assumed that the rural structure data, the ODOT roads, etc. (as described above) are better descriptors of the land uses we wish to identify. Everything that is then left over after these land uses blot out the landcover "built" is set to "rural non-vegetated unknown". Note that gravel pits and mines will most likely be in this category (except for any that fall inside the mainstem Willamette River coverage, as described above). 

    Cells initially designated as class 7 that were coincident with one cell gridded TeleAtlas roads were reclassed to 21 Minor roads.

    lulc2kv2 assmbl_4.aml
    Agricultural crops

    Source: 
    Patricia Berger, Bioresources Engineering, OSU

    66-76, 78, 83, 85, 88, 90-95 [Reclassification of TM data by Patricia Berger, Bioresources Engineering, OSU]

    Agricultural crops are identified and their fields delineated by examination on a computer display of DOQ images within agriculturally identified taxlot parcels. Other ancillary data such as county agricultural census statistics are also used.

    ag00_may16 --
    Conifer, deciduous, and mixed forests,  natural grassland, natural shrub, flooded marsh, oak

    Source: 
    Patricia Berger, Bioresources Engineering, OSU; TM landcover/DO;

    (Michael Lefsky, Forest Sciences Laboratory, Oregon State University)

    51- 62, 86, 87, 89, 98 [data from TM landcover data edited based on auxilliary sources.]

    These data represent vegetation in areas not edited for agricultural land uses. Forest classes, natural shrub, and flooded marsh pixels are classified for most areas of the ecoregion. Areas not edited in this fashion receive their classes from the "Landcover TM' layer below.

    non_ag00_apr5, lulc2kv2 assmbl_4.aml
    Urban Tree Overstory

    TM landcover/DO

    49 Cells identified in the TM imagery as orchards within UGBs are reclassified here into the more general "urban tree overstory" lulc2kv2 assmbl_4.aml
    Revised Forest closed mixed, Natural shrub, and Oak

    54, 86, 87, 98 The GAP data were used in combination with EC90 and LULC2K to revise clasification in areas in which reviewers expressed concern regarding these classes. GAP 2004 assmbl_4.aml
    Landcover TM

    Source: 
    TM landcover data/DO

    29, 33, 40, 51-62, 73-93 [fromTM landcover data, Doug Oetter, GCSU]

    Remote-sensed landcover from TM data with classes renumbered to match the master LULC legend.

    lulc2kv2 assmbl_4.aml



    (DD, AB/ISE lab/UO Tue, May 31, 2005)