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River
Regulation
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| The Geomorphic Evolution of the Lake Mills Reservoir delta, Elwha River, Washington |
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Chris Bromley, Gordon Grant, Tim Randle |
Dam
removal presents a coupled upstream-downstream problem,
in which the magnitude of the downstream impacts on channel
morphology, habitat and human infrastructure is governed
largely by the volume and rate at which sediment is mobilized
from the former impoundment area. In order to develop quantitative
predictive capabilities, it is first necessary to develop
conceptual models that accurately describe the mechanisms
of channel evolution in the impoundment area. These mechanisms
are likely to vary depending on the nature of the impounded
sediments, the size of the deposit relative to the size
of the incising channel, and the methods of dam removal.
One particular suite of mechanisms is presented by the case
of a delta at the upstream end of a reservoir that still
contains a large body of water.
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In April 1994 a drawdown of Lake Mills, the reservoir behind
Glines Canyon Dam on the Elwha River in Washington, was performed
in order to gain an insight into how the sediment accumulated
in the reservoirs delta would respond to a dam decommissioning
scenario. Analysis of the data collected reveals that the bulk
of the morphological adjustment is concentrated in the finer
sediments of the lower half of the delta, and that the delta
channels exhibit a complex response that is primed by the drop
in baselevel and driven by a relatively low discharge. A sediment
budget for this channel evolution was developed.
In view of the spatially and temporally limited nature of the
drawdown experiment, it is not possible to say with any degree
of certainty the extent to which this pattern of channel evolution
will be replicated under a full dam decommissioning scenario.
In order to develop useful sediment management information for
such an occurrence a series of Froude-scaled physical model
experiments are proposed, in which a number of different dam
removal and reservoir drawdown scenarios could be investigated
under different discharge regimes. The results of a small sand
box study are presented that provide a qualitative insight of
how the Lake Mills system may respond.
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