Photos from the WFIWC Archives:
Personnel

(From left) Front row: Ralph C. Hall, Jack W. Bongberg, Phillip C. Johnson, Ed Merkel, (Row 2): Leslie W. Orr, Jack M. Whiteside, Wm. E. Waters, Harvey J. MacAloney; (Row 3): John F. Wear, Noel D. Wygant, Robert C. Heller, Bill H. Wilford, Richard I. Washburn; (Row 4): Wm. F. McCambridge, Tom T. Terrell, Fred B. Knight, S. Davidson. (WFIWC archives, Coeur d'Alene FIL #1436).

Personnel of the Division of Forest Insect Investigations, Bureau of Entomology, USDA, at a survey methods workshop, Fort Collins, CO, Feb. 1951. Prior to this time, large (up to 640 ac), permanent, plots were in use in the pine region east of the Cascade Mountains in Pacific Coast states. They were installed initially by F. Paul Keen to measure trend of pine mortality and to develop his "Keen susceptibility classification." Now, in 1951, an infusion of post-war personnel, use of airplanes, and insect population studies, contributed to the testing and development of various new survey methods for different purposes. At the Berkeley lab, Ralph C. Hall enlisted others on the staff, including me (M. Furniss), to sample bark beetle infestations with temporary circular plots at intervals along paced compass lines. This method was used to estimate the number and volume of beetle infested trees for direct control purposes and also for stratifying old growth stands by degree of "hazard" (susceptibility to bark beetles). After Keen's retirement in 1951, the long-term permanent plots were no longer surveyed, ending that era.

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