pesveg_v3pesveg_v3
Metadata also available as
Metadata:
Identification_Information
Data_Quality_Information
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
Spatial_Reference_Information
Entity_and_Attribute_Information
Distribution_Information
Metadata_Reference_Information
Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Stan Gregory, Oregon State University
Publication_Date: 20000928
Title: pesveg_v3
Edition: v. 3
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Corvallis, OR
Publisher: Pacific Northwest Ecosystem Research
Other_Citation_Details: Version 3 replaces Version 2 which
Online_Linkage: \\ANGELINE\C$\temp\river\pesveg_v3\pesveg_v3
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Pacific Northwest Ecosystem Research
Publication_Date: 20000928
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Publisher:
Other_Citation_Details:
This coverage was created as part of the research undertaken by the
Pacific Northwest Ecosystem Research Consortium
() funded by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency under cooperative agreement with
Oregon State University #CR824682.
Online_Linkage:
Description:
Abstract:
This grid map was created to provide an approximate representation of
typical vegetation cover types before European settlement of the
Willamette Basin, Oregon. The data come primarily from three sources: The
Nature Conservancy's 2000 General Land Office vegetation coverage
(VEG1851_V5), the Oregon Natural Heritage Program's 1993 Oregon Actual
Vegetation (ORVEG1850), and the digital versions of H. J. Andrew's 1936
Oregon Forest Type map. While most of the map detail came from VEG1851_V5,
the upland forest was left unmapped in that coverage and came from a
combination of the other two coverages.
Purpose:
This raster file will be used by land managers and government entities
within the Willamette Basin to assess past land cover conditions. It will
also be used as part of a research project designed to formulate future
scenarios for growth in the Willamette basin (Pacific Northwest Ecosystem
Research Consortium, OSU, UO, EPA). See Entity & Attribute Overview below.
Supplemental_Information:
Because the GLO data (VEG1851_V5) covered only the Willamette Valley and
selected parts of the forested upland, the creation of PESVEG required
using two other coverages (ORVEG1850 and ORVEG1936) to fill in the
remaining basin area. This work was done by Doug Oetter and Linda Ashkenas
at Oregon State University from May through September 2000. Initially,
ORVEG1850 was used to complete the basin-wide coverage. The match lines
were edited to smooth the boundary, using a Digital Elevation Model as a
guide. After a comment period, the Andrews coverage (ORVEG1936) was used
to add more burns and early successional stands into the grid. Additional
editing was done to engrave the Willamtte River channels and snow.
Following this, Patti Haggerty (Corvallis EPA Lab) developed an overlay
which added open water areas and recoded the Willamette River and other
mainstream rivers.
This is Version 3, the first public release of this grid. It incorporates
the Nature Conservancy Version 5 of VEG1851. The first version (1) of
PESVEG was released in June 2000 for internal review, and version 2
followed in early July 2000 after making corrections to several
attributes. No further versions are planned at this time.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date:
REQUIRED: The year (and optionally month, or month and day) for which
the data set corresponds to the ground.
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 18500000
Ending_Date: 19360000
Currentness_Reference: publication date
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -123.768255
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -121.630228
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 45.941455
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 43.350665
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Historical vegetation
Theme_Keyword: Pre-European settlement vegetation
Theme_Keyword: PNW Ecosystem Research Consortium
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Willamette River Basin
Place_Keyword: Oregon
Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints: none
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Doug Oetter
Contact_Organization: Oregon State University
Contact_Position: Faculty Research Assistant
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address:
Dept. of Forest Science Oregon State University
City: Corvallis
State_or_Province: OR
Postal_Code: 97331
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 541-737-8417
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 541-758-7760
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: oetter@fsl.orst.edu
Data_Set_Credit:
The Nature Conservancy of Oregon, Oregon Natural Heritage Program, provided
much of the the historic vegetation and river channel information used to
construct this data layer. Other data came from the HJ Andrews 1936 Oregon
Forest Type map, digitized by the Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem
Management Project, and internal data from the Laboratory for Application of
Ecology in Remote Sensing at the USFS Pacific Northwest Research Station.
Security_Information:
Security_Classification_System: None
Security_Classification: Unclassified
Security_Handling_Description: None
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.0 (Build 2195) Service Pack 2; ESRI
ArcCatalog 8.1.0.642
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Attributes are user-defined and
Logical_Consistency_Report: The raster Grid is complete.
Completeness_Report: Data set is complete.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Unknown.
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Unknown.
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
The Nature Conservancy of Oregon Oregon Natural Heritage Program
Publication_Date: 20000919
Title:
Historic ("Presettlement") Vegetation in Oregon as Recorded by
General Land Office Surveyors.
Edition: v.5
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Portland, OR
Publisher: The Nature Conservancy of Oregon
Source_Scale_Denominator: unknown
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 18510000
Ending_Date: 19090000
Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: VEG1851_V5
Source_Contribution:
The Nature Conservancy of Oregon constructed a pre-settlement land cover
map for the Willamette Valley by interpretting the survey notes of the
General Land Office taken over a period from 1851-1909. This coverage,
referred to as VEG1851_V5 in the process step below, forms the basis for
the valley portion of PESVEG. For more information, see:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
The Nature Conservancy of Oregon; Oregon Natural Heritage Program
Publication_Date: 19990831
Title: Oregon Historical Land Cover
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Portland, OR
Publisher: Oregon Natural Heritage Program
Source_Scale_Denominator: unknown
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 18500000
Ending_Date: 19360000
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ORVEG1850
Source_Contribution:
The Nature Conservancy of Oregon created this coverage, referred to as
ORVEG1850 in the process step below, as part of the Oregon Biodiversity
Project. For more information, see:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem
Publication_Date: 19950114
Title: Historical Vegetation of Oregon and
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Portland, Oregon
Publisher: ICBEMP Spatial Analysis Team
Source_Scale_Denominator: 500000
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1936
Ending_Date: 1936
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ORVEG1936
Source_Contribution:
This polygon coverage is based on the 1936 Oregon Forest Types map
created by H. J. Andrews for the PNW Research Station of the USFS. It is
referred to as ORVEG1936 in the process step below. For more
information, see:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
University of Oregon Institute for a Sustainable Environment
Publication_Date: 19990300
Title: Lakes-Willamette River Basin
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Eugene, Oregon
Publisher: Institute for a Sustainable
Source_Scale_Denominator: 100000
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1990
Ending_Date: 1997
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: LAKES3
Source_Contribution:
This polygon coverage was used to augment the hydrological information
contained in PESVEG_V3. It is referred to as LAKES3 in the process
narrative below. For more information, see:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The VEG1851_V4 coverage was converted to a shapefile with a 1 meter
fuzzy tolerance, which created over 15,000 polygons. Those under 900 m2
in area were eliminated. The VEG1851_V4 coverage was used to 'update'
the ORVEG1850 coverage, and clipped to the basin boundary with PNW-ERC's
CLIP. Six of the ORVEG1850 veg codes did not have obvious crosswalks in
VEG1851_V4, and so new classes were created for FD, FFSA, FFSH, FFSRW,
FP, and P. The crosswalk details can be found in pesveg.xls.
Following this, a variety of hand edits were performed to smooth the
boundary between the two coverages. Individual polygons were relabled
for consistency, using the original Andrews data (ORVEG1936) as a guide.
There were three main areas of incongruence: Coast Range, Sauvie Island,
and Cascades. Most of the changes involved moving the VEG1851_V3 border
out into the ORVEG1850 area, to smooth the outer edge of Christy's data,
making up for the coarser resolution of the GAP data, and taking into
account the different sample times- c.1851-1895 for Christy versus
1926-36 for GAP (coming from the Andrews map). There were some places we
changed the ORVEG1850 label, based on the Andrews original call. ONHP
labeled Andrew's 21 (Hardwoods- Alder, Ash, Maple) as 'Riparian' which
we changed to FFCL or FFA. Andrew's 1 (Non-forest land) was labeled
'Oregon White Oak Savanna' which we changed to OFOZ usually, but HU on
top of Mary's Peak. Some of the 'Douglas-fir' polys were changed from FF
to FFHC, just to keep with the adjacent VEG1851_V3 polys.
After these edits, the coverage was cleaned with a 5 meter fuzzy
tolerance, and splinter polygons were eliminated. At this point the
vector coverage was rasterized as an Imagine 8.4 file with 30 meter
pixels.
Subsequent editing began with polygons that Andrews had mapped 1
(Non-Forest land) up in the Cascades, which GAP called 'Alpine'. These
were examined and most were recoded as OFZ (Woodland), and the mountain
tops as UR (Barren). The active and secondary channels from AC1850P were
recoded from Water (or other) to a new code WWR (Water Willamette
River). The Woodland above 315m elevation (outside of the valley used to
define the Natural Shrub/ Forest Open break in EC90) was recoded to
Forest Semi-Closed or Forest Open (if burned woodland).
After an initial review, several scientists recommended including or
creating more disturbed areas in the forests, since the Andrews map had
been collapsed into closed forest classes to form ORVEG1850. To
establish early and mid-successional forest cover types in PESVEG, four
of Andrews original polygon types from 1936 were selected to represent a
'typical' amount of disturbed area in PESVEG: 9 (Douglas Fir,
Seedling-Sapling-Pole); 11 (Spruce-Hemlock-Cedar, Small); 20 (Balsam
Fir-Mtn Hem-Upper Slope Types, Small); 25 (Deforested Burns). These
polygons were used to recode the PESVEG pixels into disturbed (burned)
and early successional classes (FFY, FSCC) based on the Andrews map as
well as the existing PESVEG class (which came from ORVEG1850), according
to a rule structure. Two new classes were created in this process: FFM
(Closed forest; Upland; Mixed conifer mature age), and FFSHBu (Closed
forest; Pacific silver fir-mountain hemlock burned).
Finally, a snow class was added to represent the permanent snow fields
around Mt. Jefferson and the Sisters. An area was digitized from the
1988 Western Oregon Vegetation Mapping Project data (LARSE; USFS PNW
Research Station; Corvallis, OR), and the underlying pixels were recoded
to UF- Unvegetated snow and ice.
Version 2 was released following some hand-editing to correct coding
errors in Version 1.
Version 3 updated an area around Sauvie Island after the additions to
VEG1851_V5 were completed in September 2000. The existing PESVEG_V2 was
updated with the new coverage and join lines were smoothed.
At the same time, additions and changes to the hydrological layer were
made by Patti Haggerty at the Corvallis EPA Lab. Her procedures follow:
1. A new grid was generated by selecting water classes from the dataset
assembled by Doug Oetter and Denis White. Problems with this data are
that the large tributaries of the Willamette are coded as permanent
water, not as large streams. Also there are very few lakes and other
permanent water bodies such as high elevation lakes. Also the tributary
rivers do not extend as far as do the rivers in the EC90 and subsequent
layers.
2. In order to reclass the main tributaries of the Willamette to large
streams, the water classes of the PES vegetation layer were converted to
polygons. The tributary polygons were coded to large streams. In
addition, stream vectors from the River Reach 2 dataset that were coded
as strahler 5 through 7 were selected at the point where they joined the
rivers from the PES dataset and converted to a grid via the linegrid
command.
3. To add high elevation lakes, polygons from the PNW-ERC LAKES3
coverage that fell within the High Cascades ecoregion were converted to
a grid via the polygrid command.
4. Low elevation water bodies were selectively added by selecting water
bodies from the LAKES3 coverage that fell within the valley and foothill
ecoregions and that were not next to dams (Lake polygons within 100m of
a dam were deleted). Dams were identified from the Oregon Water
Resources dam coverage. This coverage displays dams that are equal or
greater than 10 feet in height and store 9.2 acre foot or more of water.
The selected water bodies were translated into grids via the polygrid
command.
5. A final composite of the water classes was made by merging grids of
the low and high elevation selected lakes, strahler 5-7 arcs,
reclassified large tributaries, and original data in such as way as to
generate a final grid that could be merged into the existing PES
dataset.
The updated water information was overlaid on PESVEG_V3 and the class
list was updated to reflect those changes in September 2000 by Doug
Oetter.
Process_Date: 20000928
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Doug Oetter
Contact_Organization: Oregon State University
Contact_Position: Faculty Research Assistant
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address:
Dept. of Forest Science Oregon State University
City: Corvallis
State_or_Province: OR
Postal_Code: 97331
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 541-737-8417
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 541-758-7760
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address:
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell
Row_Count: 9565
Column_Count: 5525
Vertical_Count: 1
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Grid_Coordinate_System:
Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
UTM_Zone_Number: 10
Transverse_Mercator:
Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.000000
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000
False_Easting: 500000.000000
False_Northing: 0.000000
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 30.000000
Ordinate_Resolution: 30.000000
Planar_Distance_Units: meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927
Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866
Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.400000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.978698
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: pesveg_v3
Entity_Type_Definition: Value Attribute Table
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: None
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ObjectID
Attribute_Definition: Class identification number
Attribute_Definition_Source: User Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 96
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Value
Attribute_Definition: Land cover vegetation code; based
Attribute_Definition_Source: User Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
See Veg_text; for full descriptions, see source information listed
above
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Count
Attribute_Definition: Land cover vegetation description
Attribute_Definition_Source: User Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: For full
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Link
Attribute_Definition: Color mapping symbol; based on PNW-ERC
Attribute_Definition_Source: User Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Upland hardwood
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Upland mixed
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Upland conifer
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 4
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Upland conifer
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 5
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Riparian
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 6
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Riparian mixed
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 7
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Semi-closed
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 8
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Semi-closed
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 9
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Semi-closed
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 10
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Young conifer
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 11
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Open forest
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 21
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shrubland
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 22
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Wet shrubland
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 23
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Upland
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 31
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Hardwood
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 32
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Mixed woodland
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 33
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Conifer
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 34
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Open woodland
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 41
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Prairie
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 42
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Wet prairie
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 51
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Hardwood
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 52
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Mixed savanna
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 53
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Conifer savanna
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 61
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unvegetated
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 62
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unvegetated
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 63
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unvegetated
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 71
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Open water
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 72
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Water mainstem
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 73
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Wetlands
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Veg_code
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Veg_text
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Symbol
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Codes have been assigned to designate each unique type of vegetation
community, as delineated primarily by the VEGABB attribute in
VEG1851_V5.pat. The attribute Veg_code uses VEGABB (aka Christy codes)
wherever possible, however some of the codes were adapted from ORVEG1850
or created to represent special situations (e.g. UF and WMS). The
associated information in VEG_TEXT should be sufficient for most
vegetation classes. A complete listing and description of each VEGABB code
is included in the related document veg1851_v5.doc. The 96 unique VEG_CODE
designations each have a numberic equivalent in LINK, and have been
collapsed into 29 SYMBOL codes which can be used for mapping purposes with
the associated ARC/INFO color file pesveg_v3.clr. Users should pay special
attention to page 16 of the related document to discover changes in code
designations. Some codes in the spatial data were changed before the final
code description document was released; page 16 details the conversion to
new codes. This table in DBF format, provides translations among the
VEGABB codes, their numeric equivalents in the LINK field, and the
corresponding values used in the PNW Ecosystem Research Consortium
project.
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Oregon State University
Contact_Person: Doug Oetter
Contact_Position: Faculty Research Assistant
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address:
Dept. of Forest Science Oregon State University
City: Corvallis
State_or_Province: OR
Postal_Code: 97331
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 541-737-8417
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 541-758-7760
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: oetter@fsl.orst.edu
Resource_Description: PESVEG_V3
Distribution_Liability:
While strong efforts are made to ensure data set accuracy, complete accuracy
of every data set cannot be guaranteed.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: Compressed archived ARC/Info workspace
File_Decompression_Technique: gzip or WinZip
Transfer_Size: 3.010
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name:
Access_Instructions: anonymous ftp
Fees: none
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20020730
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Doug Oetter
Contact_Organization: Oregon State University
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
REQUIRED: The organization responsible for the metadata information.
Contact_Person: REQUIRED: The person responsible for the metadata
information.
Contact_Position: Faculty Research Assistant
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address:
Dept. of Forest Science Oregon State University
City: Corvallis
State_or_Province: OR
Postal_Code: 97331
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 541-737-8417
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 541-758-7760
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: oetter@fsl.orst.edu
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial
Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
Metadata_Extensions:
Online_Linkage:
Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile
Generated by mp version 2.7.3 on Tue Jul 30 12:14:54 2002