| nest selection-a study of the use or selection of nesting habitat. Includes papers describing snags used for nesting or the habitat immediately adjacent to the nest snag |
| breeding biology-includes information regarding reproductive biology (e.g., incubation rates, fledging rates, gestation period) |
| breeding ecology-includes information regarding some aspect of breeding ecology such as breeding-related behaviors |
| nest success-includes estimates of reproductive success (nest success, survival, etc.) |
| nest predation-parasitism-includes information regarding predation or parasitism of avian nests |
| roost selection-a study of the use or selection of roosts. For bats, includes maternal as well as resting roosts. For birds, only includes roosts used for non-breeding purposes. |
| roosting ecology-includes information regarding some aspect of roosting other than the actual use or selection of the roost (e.g., behavior of bats emerging from roosts, thermal regulation) |
| den selection-selection of breeding or resting den sites by mammals other than bats. Includes papers regarding subnivean access points used by Martes |
| foraging selection— a study of the use or selection of foraging habitat. Includes papers describing various scales of foraging habitat |
| foraging ecology— includes information regarding some aspect of foraging other than selection, such as foraging behaviors or techniques |
| diet—includes information food items eaten or brought back to the breeding site |
| pest control—includes information on control of forest pests by predators |
| habitat association—includes information on use or selection of general habitat types, often relating abundance of the species to habitat characteristics |
| effects of forestry— includes information on the effects of forestry or on habitat use in harvested forests |
| effects of fire—directly or indirectly studies the effects of fire |
|
fragmentation—includes some information regarding the effects of fragmentation. Some studies examine issues only partly related to fragmentation, such as patch size |
| home range—includes information regarding home range or territory size; many have estimates of size of home range or territory |
| habitat suitability index—presents a habitat suitability index or a test of an HSI modele |
| sampling
methodology—includes information regarding techniques such
as estimating abundance or capturing animals |
| habitat management—includes suggestions on how habitat can be managed to benefit the species of concern |
|
animal damage—paper on the damaging effects of the animal (e.g., damage of telephone poles or cones) |
| landscape
study—sampled beyond the scale of single stands; many used
indices of fragmentation such as patch size, amount of edge. |
| nest
box—a study only looking at animals using nest boxes and
not natural cavities bibliography—a bibliography of past literature |
| review—review
of past literature |
| modeling study—used models to project population changes, effects of forestry, or other factors |
| seasonal study—study conducted during more than one season |
| natural history—includes information on some aspect of the organisms biology, but the exact information could not be determined from the keywords or abstract |
| migration—includes information regarding migration, dispersal, or localized movements |
|
population—includes some estimate of population size. This keyword was used only if some direct estimate of population, such as density, was made or for studies that used indirect indices such as Breeding Bird Survey data to compare populations over time or regions. Papers that used indirect indices, such as number of birds per point count, were not given this keyword (those papers were frequently given the keyword “habitat association” |
competition—includes information regarding competition for nest or foraging sites |
| snag
management—includes information regarding management of snags
for wildlife |
|
snag creation—includes information regarding anthropogenic creation of snags |
| cavity study—was at least in part, a study of cavities in snags (indirect study of cavity use) |
|
snag sampling—includes information regarding methodologies used to sample snags |
| artificial snag—includes information regarding the use of artificial snags made from materials other than wood |
